The intense color and vibrancy of neon equated with American society at the time, suggesting a "century of progress" and transforming cities into sensational new environments filled with radiating advertisements and "electro-graphic architecture". The glow and arresting red color made neon advertising completely different from the competition. in 1923 with two large neon signs bought by a Los Angeles Packard car dealership. In 1912, Claude's associate began selling neon discharge tubes as eye-catching advertising signs and was instantly more successful. Claude tried briefly to sell neon tubes for indoor domestic lighting, due to their intensity, but the market failed because homeowners objected to the color. In December 1910 Claude demonstrated modern neon lighting based on a sealed tube of neon. After 1902, Georges Claude's company Air Liquide produced industrial quantities of neon as a byproduct of his air-liquefaction business. Neon's scarcity precluded its prompt application for lighting along the lines of Moore tubes, which used nitrogen and which were commercialized in the early 1900s. Finally, the same team discovered xenon by the same process, in September 1898. However, subsequent spectroscopic analysis revealed it to be argon contaminated with carbon monoxide. Travers later wrote: "the blaze of crimson light from the tube told its own story and was a sight to dwell upon and never forget." Ī second gas was also reported along with neon, having approximately the same density as argon but with a different spectrum – Ramsay and Travers named it metargon. The characteristic brilliant red-orange color emitted by gaseous neon when excited electrically was noted immediately. This gas, identified in June, was named "neon", the Greek analogue of the Latin novum ('new') suggested by Ramsay's son. The next, after krypton had been removed, was a gas which gave a brilliant red light under spectroscopic discharge. The gases nitrogen, oxygen, and argon had been identified, but the remaining gases were isolated in roughly their order of abundance, in a six-week period beginning at the end of May 1898. Neon was discovered when Ramsay chilled a sample of air until it became a liquid, then warmed the liquid and captured the gases as they boiled off. Neon was discovered in 1898 by the British chemists Sir William Ramsay (1852–1916) and Morris Travers (1872–1961) in London. History Neon gas-discharge lamps forming the symbol for neon Since air is the only source, it is considerably more expensive than helium. It is commercially extracted by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Neon is used in some plasma tube and refrigerant applications but has few other commercial uses. The red emission line from neon also causes the well known red light of helium–neon lasers.
Neon gives a distinct reddish-orange glow when used in low- voltage neon glow lamps, high-voltage discharge tubes and neon advertising signs. Even the outer atmosphere of Jupiter is somewhat depleted of neon, although for a different reason. As a result, it escaped from the planetesimals under the warmth of the newly ignited Sun in the early Solar System. The reason for neon's relative scarcity on Earth and the inner (terrestrial) planets is that neon is highly volatile and forms no compounds to fix it to solids. It composes about 18.2 ppm of air by volume (this is about the same as the molecular or mole fraction) and a smaller fraction in Earth's crust. Although neon is a very common element in the universe and solar system (it is fifth in cosmic abundance after hydrogen, helium, oxygen and carbon), it is rare on Earth. The compounds of neon currently known include ionic molecules, molecules held together by van der Waals forces and clathrates.ĭuring cosmic nucleogenesis of the elements, large amounts of neon are built up from the alpha-capture fusion process in stars. Neon is chemically inert, and no uncharged neon compounds are known. The name neon is derived from the Greek word, νέον, neuter singular form of νέος ( neos), meaning 'new'. Neon was the second of these three rare gases to be discovered and was immediately recognized as a new element from its bright red emission spectrum. It was discovered (along with krypton and xenon) in 1898 as one of the three residual rare inert elements remaining in dry air, after nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide were removed. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10.
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